From 8c73c77689b5fe77985738e96cc919068b92bd6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Vladan Popovic <vladanovic@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Nov 2020 20:18:14 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] First 9 lists problems

---
 lists.ml | 118 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 118 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 lists.ml

diff --git a/lists.ml b/lists.ml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f70231c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lists.ml
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+(* 1. Write a function last : 'a list -> 'a option that returns the last
+ * element of a list. (easy) *)
+let rec last xs =
+  match xs with
+  | [] -> None
+  | [x] -> Some(x)
+  | _ :: t -> last t
+
+let () = assert(last ["a"; "b"; "c"; "d"] = Some("d"));;
+let () = assert(last [] = None)
+
+
+(* 2. Find the last but one (last and penultimate) elements of a
+ * list. (easy) *)
+let rec last_two xs =
+  match xs with
+  | [] | [_] -> None
+  | [x; y] -> Some((x, y))
+  | _ :: t -> last_two t
+
+let () = assert(last_two ["a"; "b"; "c"; "d"] = Some("c", "d"))
+let () = assert(last_two ["a"] = None)
+
+
+(* 3. Find the k'th element of a list. (easy) *)
+let at k l =
+  let rec aux k n = function
+    | [] -> None
+    | h :: t when k < n -> None
+    | h :: t when k = n -> Some(x)
+    | h :: t when k > n -> aux k t (n+1) in
+  aux k l 1
+
+let () = assert(at 3 [ "a" ; "b"; "c"; "d"; "e" ] = Some("c"))
+let () = assert(at 3 [] = None)
+
+
+(* 4. Find the number of elements of a list. (easy) *)
+let length l =
+  let rec aux n = function
+    | [] -> 0
+    | _ :: t -> aux (n+1) t in
+  aux 0 l
+
+
+let () = assert(length [ "a" ; "b" ; "c" ] = 3)
+
+
+(* 5. Reverse a list. (easy) *)
+let rev l =
+  let rec aux res = function
+    | [] -> res
+    | h :: t -> aux (h :: res) t in
+  aux [] l
+
+let () = assert(rev [ "a" ; "b" ; "c" ] = ["c"; "b"; "a"])
+
+
+(* 6. Find out whether a list is a palindrome. (easy) *)
+let is_palindrome l =
+  rev l = l
+
+let () = assert(is_palindrome [ "x" ; "a" ; "m" ; "a" ; "x" ])
+let () = assert(not(is_palindrome [ "a" ; "b" ]))
+
+(* type list 'a = [] | (::) of 'a * list 'a *)
+
+(* 7. Flatten a nested list structure. (medium) *)
+type 'a node =
+  | One of 'a
+  | Many of 'a node list
+
+let flatten l =
+  let rec aux res = function
+    | [] -> res
+    | One x :: t -> aux (x :: res) t
+    | Many xs :: t -> aux (aux res xs) t in
+  List.rev (aux [] l)
+
+let () = assert(flatten [ One "a" ; Many [ One "b" ; Many [ One "c" ; One "d" ] ; One "e" ] ] = ["a"; "b"; "c"; "d"; "e"])
+
+(* 8. Eliminate consecutive duplicates of list elements. (medium) *)
+(* TODO: check if tail recursive has same complexity as non-tail
+         recursive implementation? *)
+let compress_tr l =
+  let rec aux acc prev = function
+    | [] -> acc
+    | h :: t when Some(h) = prev -> aux acc (Some h) t
+    | h :: t -> aux (h :: acc) (Some h) t in
+  List.rev (aux [] None l)
+
+let rec compress l =
+  match l with
+  | [] | [_] -> l
+  | x :: y :: t -> if x = y then compress (y :: t)
+                   else x :: (compress (y :: t))
+
+let () = assert(compress ["a";"a";"a";"a";"b";"c";"c";"a";"a";"d";"e";"e";"e";"e"] = ["a"; "b"; "c"; "a"; "d"; "e"])
+let () = assert(compress_tr ["a";"a";"a";"a";"b";"c";"c";"a";"a";"d";"e";"e";"e";"e"] = ["a"; "b"; "c"; "a"; "d"; "e"])
+
+(* 9. Pack consecutive duplicates of list elements into
+ * sublists. (medium) *)
+let pack l =
+  let rec aux ch acc = function
+    | [] -> acc
+    | h :: t -> if (Some h) = ch then aux ch ((h :: (List.hd acc)) :: List.tl acc) t
+                else aux (Some h) ([h] :: acc) t in
+  List.rev (aux None [] l)
+
+(* 10. Run-length encoding of a list. (easy) *)
+let encode l =
+  let rec aux ch count acc = function
+    | [] -> acc
+    | h :: t -> if h = ch then aux ch (count+1) acc t
+                else aux h 1 ((count, ch) :: acc) t in
+  match l with
+  | [] -> []
+  | h :: t -> List.rev (aux h 1 [] t)